Find Spot record 574 - Bronze Age Axe and Ring from Winwick

<1> British Archaeological Association, 1858, Proceedings of the Association (January 13th to March 24th), p.269 (Article in Journal). SCH9010.

Blade of a palstave, about six inches long; and a broad, flat ring, also of bronze, one inch and three-quarters in diameter, and about a quarter of an inch thick ; found together at Winwick. Dr Kendrick conjectures that the ring was put round the handle of the palstave as a sort of ferrule, to prevent the wood from splitting when the instrument was struck. A palstave discovered in Jutland had its wooden handle bound with three leathern rings.

<2> Cuming HS, 1859, On British Antiquities Discovered in Lancashire, p.237 (Article in Journal). SCH9011.

Illustration of a palstave and bronze ring found together at Winwick.

<3> Evans J, 1881, The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain And Ireland, p.82 & p.158 (Book). SCH254.

A palstave without a loop found at Winwick, Lancashire; the blade below the stop-ridge appears to be nearly flat. Found at the same time was a bronze ring (illustrated). The finder Dr James Kendrick suggested that it was a "sort of ferrule to put round the handle of the palstave to prevent the wood from splitting when the instrument was struck." The ornament on the ring, somewhat like the " broad arrow " of modern times, is of much the same character as the shield-like pattern below the stop-ridge of some palstaves. In the British Museum is a stone mould from Northumberland for flat rings, three inches in diameter, and for flat celts; but such rings probably served some other purpose.

<4> Harrison W, 1896, An Archaeological Survey of Lancashire, p.25 (Book). SCH241.

Bronze palstave and ring listed with other finds from tumuli at Highfield, Winwick.

<5> Ordnance Survey, 1870-1982, Ordnance Survey Archaeological Record Card, SJ69 SW 20 (Index). SCH2487.

<6> Grealey S, 1976, The Archaeology of Warrington's Past, p.84 no.7 (Book). SCH3046.

<8> Davey P & Forster E, 1975, Bronze Age Metalwork from Lancashire and Cheshire, no.57 & 58 (Monograph). SCH488.

<9> Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 1883 -, Transactions of the Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 5/83 Jackson J W 1934 (Journal/Periodical). SCH3293.

<10> Longley D, 1977-1978, Longley Archive, no. 577 (Paper Archive). SCH2005.

<11> Freke, D.J and Holgate, R, 1987, Excavations at Winwick, Cheshire in 1980: 1. Excavation of Two Second Millennium B.C. Mounds, 10 (Article in Journal). SCH8278.

A flat axe and socketed axe with a Winwick provenance in Warrington Museum may be attributable to the Southworth Hall Farm mound (CHER 571/1/3).