Monument record 8499 - Roman 'military hiatus' layer at Abbey Green

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Summary

Archaeological investigations at Abbey Green between 1975 and 1977 recorded evidence of three centurion’s houses’ immediately to the south of the intervallum road from the insula to the east of the via Decumana. In the late second century alteration of the existing structure appears to have ceased with faint traces of pitting activity in the area interpreted as the ‘military hiatus’ period. A general period of abandonment or change of use appears to have affected the entire fortress of Chester in the second century, it is represented in the archaeological record in a number of ways including an increase in refuse pitting and spreads of domestic and organic waste (often described as ‘dark earth’ or ‘black rubbish’ layers) but also with a general dereliction of structures through a lack of repair and maintenance. Although the evidence clearly indicates activity throughout the period, it is not characteristic of military activity and it has been suggested that it represents a period when the 20th legion was largely based in the north of England. The term mid second century military hiatus period is generally used for this period in order to differentiate it from the later period of ‘dark earth’ in the late/post Roman to Saxon period. In the area of the legionary quarters, evidence for abandonment has been recorded during excavations at Northgate Brewery and Abbey Green in the northern part of the fortress as well as at St Martin’s Fields and the area of the First Cohort (Crook Street) to the west of the Headquarters building from excavations at Eastgate Street to the east, and at the Grosvenor Centre to the east of the Fortress baths. Further evidence of limited activity has been recorded at ‘public’ structures within the fortress at the Baths on Bridge Street, the Headquarters, the large masonry building, the Elliptical building and adjacent baths site, on Hunter Street and at the structures in insula 21 (Princess Street).

Map

Type and Period (1)

Full Description

<1> McPeake J.C. Bulmer M & Rutter J.A, 1980, Excavations in the garden of No. 1 Abbey Green, Chester, 1975-77 (Article in Journal). SCH5924.

Archaeological investigations at Abbey Green between 1975 and 1977 recorded evidence of three centurion’s houses’ immediately to the south of the intervallum road from the insula to the east of the via Decumana.

<2> Strickland, T.J., 1983, The Defences of Roman Chester, R3330 (Article in Journal). SCH5809.

At least seven phases of activity relating to the centurion’s house was recorded beginning with its initial construction in timber in the late first century. This then appears to have been replaced at the start of the second century by a second timber structure on the same footprint that survived until the end of the century. Although a drop in activity was recorded in the late second century (attributed to the ‘military hiatus’ phase) the house appears to have remained standing until it was demolished in the early third century and replaced by a stone construction that lasted until the Saxon period.

In the late second century alteration of the existing structures appear to have ceased with faint traces of pitting activity across the area interpreted as the ‘military hiatus’ period.

<3> Harris, B.E. (ed), 1987, Victoria County History - A History of the County of Chester: Volume I, pp151 & 157 (Book). SCH3556.

<4> Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1970-Present, Britannia, 7/319-320 Wilson D R 1976 (Journal/Periodical). SCH445.

<5> Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1970-Present, Britannia, 8/385 Frere S S 1977 (Journal/Periodical). SCH445.

<6> Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1970-Present, Britannia, 9/429-30 Wilson D R 1978 (Journal/Periodical). SCH445.

<7> Petch A.J, 1978, Introduction (Article in Journal). SCH6309.

<8> McPeake J.C., 1978, The First Century (Article in Journal). SCH6310.

<9> Strickland, T.J., 1978, The Fortress in the Second and Third Centuries (Article in Journal). SCH6312.

<10> Anon, 1976, March 1976: North West Newsletter. Excavations, p18-19 (Article in Journal). SCH5748.

<11> multiple authors, 1973, Stray Finds, p58-60 (Article in Journal). SCH5780.

<12> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1975, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6237.

<13> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1975, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6238.

<14> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1975, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6239.

<15> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1976, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6256.

<16> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1976, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6257.

<17> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1976, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6258.

<18> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1978, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6261.

<19> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1983, Recent research on the defences of Roman Chester (Newsletter). SCH6223.

<20> Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter, 1975, Summary of Excavations in Chester (Newsletter). SCH6236.

<21> Strickland, T.J., 1980, First century Deva: some evidence reconsidered in the light of recent archaeological discoveries (Article in Journal). SCH5923.

Sources/Archives (21)

  • <1> Article in Journal: McPeake J.C. Bulmer M & Rutter J.A. 1980. Excavations in the garden of No. 1 Abbey Green, Chester, 1975-77. Journal of the Chester Archaeological and Historic Society. 63.
  • <2> Article in Journal: Strickland, T.J.. 1983. The Defences of Roman Chester. Cheshire Archaeological Bulletin. No 9. R3330.
  • <3> Book: Harris, B.E. (ed). 1987. Victoria County History - A History of the County of Chester: Volume I. pp151 & 157.
  • <4> Journal/Periodical: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. 1970-Present. Britannia. I-XXXIV. 7/319-320 Wilson D R 1976.
  • <5> Journal/Periodical: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. 1970-Present. Britannia. I-XXXIV. 8/385 Frere S S 1977.
  • <6> Journal/Periodical: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. 1970-Present. Britannia. I-XXXIV. 9/429-30 Wilson D R 1978.
  • <7> Article in Journal: Petch A.J. 1978. Introduction. Chester Conference Nov 1977: New Evidence for Roman Chester.
  • <8> Article in Journal: McPeake J.C.. 1978. The First Century. Chester Conference Nov 1977: New Evidence for Roman Chester.
  • <9> Article in Journal: Strickland, T.J.. 1978. The Fortress in the Second and Third Centuries. Chester Conference Nov 1977: New Evidence for Roman Chester.
  • <10> Article in Journal: Anon. 1976. March 1976: North West Newsletter. Excavations. Council for British Archaeology. Group 5 Newsletter North West. No 27. p18-19.
  • <11> Article in Journal: multiple authors. 1973. Stray Finds. Cheshire Archaeological Bulletin. Pilot Issue. p58-60.
  • <12> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1975. Summary of Excavations in Chester. June/July 1975.
  • <13> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1975. Summary of Excavations in Chester. August/September 1975.
  • <14> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1975. Summary of Excavations in Chester. October/November 1975.
  • <15> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1976. Summary of Excavations in Chester. June / July 1976.
  • <16> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1976. Summary of Excavations in Chester. March / April 1976.
  • <17> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1976. Summary of Excavations in Chester. September / October 1976.
  • <18> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1978. Summary of Excavations in Chester. January / February 1978.
  • <19> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1983. Recent research on the defences of Roman Chester. December 1983.
  • <20> Newsletter: Grosvenor Museum Excavations Newsletter. 1975. Summary of Excavations in Chester. March/April 1975.
  • <21> Article in Journal: Strickland, T.J.. 1980. First century Deva: some evidence reconsidered in the light of recent archaeological discoveries. Journal of the Chester Archaeological and Historic Society. 63.

Related Monuments/Buildings (3)

Related Events/Activities (1)

External Links (0)

Location

Grid reference Centred SJ 40 66 (38m by 35m) (2 map features)
Map sheet SJ46NW
Civil Parish CHESTER NON PARISH AREA, CHESTER, CHESHIRE WEST AND CHESTER
Historic Township/Parish/County CHESTER, CHESTER HOLY TRINITY, CHESHIRE

Protected Status/Designation

Record last edited

Jul 4 2024 1:37PM